Steam generator or boiler



July 5, 1932. w. A. MILLS 1,365,944

STEAM GENERATOR OR BOILER Filed Deo. 19, 195o 5 sheets-sheet 1 FIGJ.

Mlm h lmlhl Mw' Q ENTR BY H15 ATTORNEYS July 5, 1932. W. A. MILLS 1,865,944

STEAM GENERATOR OR BOILER Filed Deo. 19. 1930 5 shee--Shee'a 2 naa.

n BY A RNE-.Y6

July 5, 1932. W, A M|| s 1,865,944

STEAM GENERATOR 0R BoILER Filed Dec. 19, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet; 3

,im Fles.

zaf-

14 lNvENTpR 2 MM g, M

.s ATTORNEYS Patented July 51932 WILLIAM. A. MILLsgoF PORT cims'manriw Yonmnssieivon, iB Y maternita). Masai-E1? f AssiGNiviENrsTojFoneit BoiLERooMPANY, moya ooRroaA'rIoNpF-NEW:rnnsEYs f STEAM GENERATOR on BoILEn'f Appi'i'etibfn' inea neerber 19; 1930. seraiNatoa/ie?.

This invention relates ,tov steam" generators or boilers. v In one of'its aspects,v the inventionirclat-es to boiler tubes forsuohfgenerators and the arra-ngementthereot.l Inianother of I 5 its aspects, the invention relates to improvements intlievarious coinponent elements of the-boiler;

*One object of the invention is 'to provide a boiler of increased efhciencyfand durability.

rlo lTo* this end, a rapid'circulation ofthe steam from itspoint ot generation to the steam dome is eifected. J'pluralit'yof'circulatiiig headt vers extend between the water base andthe steam dome, eaeh` of 'which circulating head- :l :I5 ers carries a plurality ot boiler tubes, extending vacross the rheating chamber, whereby the steam generatediii each tube travels onlyfthe Y of the tubes on line 9-9 of'FigureB;

' return distance in thatitube t the circulating header and' up the header tothe steam dome'.

r'i5 tubes whi'chwo'uld impedethe owofggases and insulatethe tubes against the heat.V

Stillia-notlier object of theinvention is to 1 provide a boiler which can ybe constructed and'` maintained at a minimuinexpense'.

It is also an object' ofthe inventionto provide a boiler which is practical "fromfthe "standpoint of ease and Aheapness of manufacture and oonv'eniencein installationfand use.

`These and other yobjects ofthe invention andthe means for their attainment'will be more apparent from the' following detailed. description-,'-taken in'connection with' the ac- 1p the base, a returnpipel'l, preferably; rectangu-lar or square in' horizontal cross-section, "9o '.'wliieh opens into the ends of the side niente,` bers l0 andcommunicateswith and supports oompanying drawings illustrating various i 40 embodiments by which the invention may be realized, and in which:

Figure'l is a view, in' side elevation,` show-` ing aboiler in accordanoe'with this invention,

' reetangular, which steam-,dome has .a downf wardly extending portion, 20 dispose'dfrbe- 79'5 "tween ythe return pipes 17 andextending the,

one-fof the circulating headers/land certainf 45 of the boiler tubes being broken away inthe intercstfof clearness;`

` FigureQ isa view infront-elevation showing the .boiler oFigure l;v

Figure 8 is a transversesectionalview.taken 5o in the piane iadicaaity @eine s-a of Fig.

The invention also seeksla `disposition 'of vnre? and showing thedisposition' of i .panion pair othea'ders uponl yopposites'ides of the boiler f and therelation lof the tubes thereofg Figure 4 a-fraginentaryview showing a 55 'modified disposition ofboile'r tube s;` j;

` Figure 5A isa sectionalfview ontheflihe `Figurep6 shows still another arrangement. of boiler tubes;.` Figure 7 A is a vieur insideelevationshowv ing the boiler tubes- 0f Figurel; l

Figure .81is ai sectionalv view Vshowing head-l ers on opposite sides provided with still another disposition of boiler tubes; and Figure 9 issafragmentary view of'one header of Figure 8, looking toward the end The boiler embodying` lthis V-inventionjis three sided substantially; rectangular `water f y 'I he' sides 10 are L-shaped,"in'part, invertioal yCross section-,2 that is, while thezbaseasa whole is substantial-ly rectangular in-.ver'tical j cross section, `the sides 10, along the insidefgo':

are provided, .respectively Kvvi'thfV upwardly extending'portions'- 1Q. J.These upper parts 'i serve as]conneotingfportions vor manifolds' for .the i circulating headers '16,1 theflpartsl2 extending rearwardly tromapoint just inffas rear' of the front return.k pipes :17, to Ypreferably apoint just infront of the rear returni 1 ipes. At eachgco'rner, there is mounted upon at' thetopj-a steamv doinelS, also preferably entire front to reandimen'sionpfthe mani-1 i told portions "12 of; the ba`se`,j so as to Carry v 5 shown in. Figure s Vtubes on each header.

sired, the pairs of lfront and rear return pipes may be in communication, respectively, asV

by Vcasting them in one piece, respectively, with al circulating hollow wall member which u 57kserves as the `iront and back wallsof .the

boiler. In Figures 1 and 2 such aunitary water. return wall is shown at 19.: 'l' 'l A plurality of circulating headers 15,A 16,

are shown arranged along each side of the Y 30 boiler between thefront and rear return pipes f 417. In the illustrated embodiment ve such circulating headers are shown.

i The circulating headers 15,16, communicate with vthe upwardly extending vportions V12 ofthe base sides 10 and with the down- `v `,wardly.depending central portionA of the Y dome,1`8. VPreferably nipples14 connect the headers* to therespective parts 12 and 20. Y

`arenot directly opposite the headers 16 on lthe-V other side, but. are. oii'set by almost half jtheirfwidth, as showin` clearly in Figure V3."

Y The return Ypipes 17 may beeither cylindrical or rectangular in horizontal crosssection but in the preferred embodiment," bothv return Pipes and headers areshown asrectangular `in'cross section.

if In the-'.modication according l to Figures Y, s; .Y 1j to 3, each vertical header 15, 16, has connectedthereto` a.row of generally horizon- `tally disposedV U-shaped tubes, 21, 22 and 23, "T24 respectively, Ywhich extend from one Aheader' almost to the Vopposite one. vThelegs of Veach boiler tube lie in parallel planes, the planes being at an angle to the horizontal as I shown in Figure 1,l and theftubes 21, 22 on the header V15 on one side are so spaced lthat Y"the boiler tubes 23, 24 on the opposite header Being offset, 'one leg, say 24, ofaftubelies i substantially in a vertical plane passing beth'e opposite tw'eenthe pair of'legs 21, 220i :tube and they areA soshaped vthat there is ample space for the circula-tion of flue gases therebetween, the tubes being spaced from onejan'othersuiiiciently to `avoid an accumu- Y' --lationgof soot. which vWould-bridgeV 'adjacent I tubesand form an insulation against the heat. 2, there arev Seven boiler In the modification illustrated in Figures 4 and'5, the headers vare so disposed that a header l26 uponxone side isY located opposite the space betweenv adjacent headers27,l 27 on the opposite side, and the UgshapedY tubes V28,

29A lie inV vertical planes in two series on each header. Thustwo series of four tubesleach Y Y vmay be disposed on theheaders with thej'tubesY co 2,8 of one series, being offsetwith respect. to

' the tubes 29 Yof the other series asito have a'tube Y zstantially eachlevel in the header. This conas shown, so

Y struction Vaiiordseight `tubes on each header Y f .G15 as 'compared with .thedisposition of tubes The circulating headers 15 along one' sideVV 16 extend therebetween, Figures ,l and communicating ,with 'subshown in Figures 1 to 3 'wherein each header carries seven tubes. .v

In the modification shown in Figures 6 and 7 substantially thejsame effect, as in the modication of Figures 4 and 5, is obtained by 70 providing two reversely benttubes 31, 34 in 'each of the twoserieson'each header. Each lof these reversely bent tubes takes the place of two tubes but instead of having. bothlegs of each tube in communication with a header 35, the adjacent legsl 32, 33 are joined as at 36 so that the fluid passes through four legs before again'entering a header. `Here again the legs of each tube of a series vare offset, ver-V tically, with respect to the legs of the adjacent series and 'the-tubes extend acrossthe ire box', alniostfto theoppositeheaders. c

. .In the lmodification illustratedin Figures 8 and..9, the tubesxare notof U or hairpin shape,butthere is a tube .421nounted on the header 43 in-.place-.of each legofthe U-shaped tube ot-.the modification of Figures 1-3. Thus,instead of a series of seven .U-shaped tubes, l this modification provides sixteen straight tubes, -eight iii-'each of two vertical-20 'series,the tubes 42 ofsone series being odset, vertically, with respect to the tubesv 44 ofthe adjacent series. Also, as before, the tubes extend substantially vacrossfthe boiler.

The water from the boiler fills the waterfp ffbase 10.A and risesinto the verticalheaders and illsthe return pipes and the steam dome to a level abovethetop of the tubes, as indicated'at W in Figure 2. 'I he water inthe 'tubes is converted into steamfrom the heatf100 .of the products of combustion from the fire. Thesteam'thusgenerated passes through but a singletube into the headers and from thence it passes throughthe nipples into the steam ing from'fthe steam dome Vto the water base .through the return pipes.17 or Wall 19. It Will be obvious that the travel of the ysteam from its point of generation to the dome is relativelyshort sincethe steam only traverses onctube- Y rIhe boiler tubes extending, as they do, prac'- itically across the boiler receive the maximum of heat and being evenly spaced afford a free f flow of hot gases in contact with kevery portion thereof.l Y

Each unit or section of the boiler consisting of a header and its tubes mounted thereon, may be cut out of service in case of accident without `interferingwith the service of the remaining units of the boiler, it being' only necessaryto disconnect the header from the steam dome and water base and plug up the -V holes in the parts 12and`20f'fromrwhich the -`nippes have beensremoved.. The unitaryla s posed for cleaning. The disposition` olf-tubes on spaced circulating headers permitsrefady cleaningof the tubes by a `brush inserted through the side where the' plates have been removed.

foregoing description or illustrations 1in; the

' accornpany-ing` drawings, except as indicated in the appended claims;`

What is claimed is: Y f 1. Ina steam; generator orboiler,in conibination, a water base, a steam dome, return pipes communicating with said water-base andsaid steam dome and ycapable by themselves of supporting said steam' dome, a plu-A rality of vertical circulatingheaders disposed along each side of the boiler, connections between the headers andthe water'base and steam dome, respectively,'anda series of suba plurality lor vertical headers ,disposedV along stantially horizontally extending boiler tubes carried with each header, the boiler tubes of' one header extending between theboiler tubes 0I" the opposite header, 'the steamgenerated in eachboiler tube passing-directly iiitotlie Y y 1 tallyvdisposed lboiler tubes-carried with each headenand the boiler tubes of one header extending toward theoppositefheader and be`` header. Y

bination, a water base, asteani doma-return pipes communicating withsaid water baseAA and said steam domeand capable'by themseli'esof supporting said steam dome,`a pluu, rralit-yrof vertical headers disposed along each side of the boiler, connections betweenv the headers and the doine and water base respectively, a series of U-shaped boiler tubes whereof both legs are inopen communication with one header and extending in substan-V tially a horizontal directionjand the boiler tubes of one header extending between the boiler tubes of the opposite header.

3. In a steam generator or boiler, incombination', a water base, return pipes Vcommunicating therewith, a steam dome supported by and communicating with the return pipes,

each side of the boiler, connections between the headers and the dome and water base respectively,said headers upon one side being olii'set with respect to the headers on the other side, and a series of boiler tubes tor'niedwith at least one U-shaped return carried with each header, extending in Va .substantially horizontal direction, the ends vof said tubes communicating directly with the header, and

the boiler tubes of one header extending between the boilerftubes of the opposite header.

4. In asteam generator or boiler, incomj bination, a substantially` rectangular .threesided wat-er base, return pipes disposed at the four corners of the water base'and communicating therewith, a substantially rectangular steam dome supported by and coii'imunicatwater base., respectively, said headers upon-f one side beingseliz'set with respect to the headersvon the other side, aseries et' boiler tubes tation is intended by the phraseology in the 2. In a steam generator or' boiler,rin comj Aof one header extending between ingwith the return pipes,'a plu-ralityof verti-` V- cal headers'disposed alongeach side of the l boiler betweenfthe return pipes, connections between vthe headers and the steam-dome and carriedfwith eachVV header and* extendingr across the boiler substantially to the opposite headeriand theboiler tubes of one-header extending between the. boiler tubes of the opposite header` Y 5. I `lLa steam generatororboilenin coin- 7 bination, ai substantially"rectangular threesidedwater base whereof the sides are formed.

with lraised portions, return pipes disposed at the tour cornersof the water base and com- .m'unicatingl therewith, 'l a substantially rectanofular steam dome supported byand com- 1 municating witlivthe return 'pipes and hav- 'Y ing a centrally disposed depending` portion,

l aeplurality of vertical headers-disposed along l i each side of the boiler between the returnf"y pipes, connections between the raised portions or the water base'and the headers', rei spectively,connections between the depending portion of the dome and the headers, respectively, and a series of substantiallyhorizontween the boiler 'tubesof the opposite header.

imVv Y f 6."Iny a steam generator or boiler,'in lcom-g Y' sided water base whereotf'the sides are formed' with raiserl` portions :serving :as manifolds, respectivelyf'for headers on that side, return u pipes disposed at the four `corners of the f headers disposed along each side of the boiler between the return pipes, connectionsbetween the raised portions oflthe water base bination, alsubstantially rectangular tlireei i ion Ldepending portion, a plurality of vertical and the-headers,respectively,connections be- Y* tween-the depending portion of: the steam domel and the headers, respectively, said headers upon one side being odset withk re-fV spect.' to the headerson the other side, a series of substantially horizontally extending boiler tubesoalrried witheach header and exteiid- 1 ing acrossvthejlirerpot and the boiler Vtubes Y ii@ baie tubes 0f the Oppositgeiieaaer.- Y -V -s izo 7 In a lsteam' generator or boilerfinncom- I bination,'a waterf'base, a steanidome, a plui rality of vspacedy Vvertical circulating headers e y disposed alongeach side of the v'boiler and communicating with the water base and thel f,A steamdome, respectively, a header on oneside i Vbeing. yopposite the space lbetween adjacent- :headersion the other side, two vertical series of biilertubes" carried with each header and Vextending"across the ib'oiler,ithe boiler tubes: -v of one header extending in the space between the groups of boiler tubes of the adjacent headers on tie opposite side.

. 8. In a steam generator or boiler,lin;com binatioma water base, a steam dome, a piurality of spacedl vertical circulating headersV f disposed alongeach side of connecting the Water base and thedome, a

header on one sidevbeing opposite the space between adjacent headersv on the other side,Y

- and boiler tubes carried with each header and u extending across the boiler, the boiler tubesV of one header extending betweenthe boiler tubes of the opposite:adjacentheaders.

'9. Ina steam generator or boiier, incomnecting the waterbase and the donie,`and a .plurality vof seriesfofreversely bent boiler Vheader and vextend-' tubes; carried with each ing across the `b,oiler,each series lying inthe same plane, the boiler tubes of one header ex- `tending in the space between the groups ot' boiler tubes of adjacent `headers cntheopposite side.

10. In a Asteamgenerador*orboiler, in coni-v bination, a water base, a steam dome, a plu- .na-f

Vrality of spaced vertical circulating'headers disposed -alonge'ach sideV of theboiler and connecting the water base and the dome, aiid' .V respective headersa plurality of series of U-shaped boiler tunes `carried with eachheader and extending across the boiler, each series lying in the same vertical plane, the boiler tubes of one header of anY adjacent series.

ll. In a steam generator'or boiler, iny combination, a water base, a steam dome, a pair of lspaced boiler and in communication with the water base and steam dome, respectively, at least Y one air'of said return i es beinor `joined by a hollow wallalso receivingthe returning 'tvaten .f Y Y 1' A l., Y 19. In a steam generator or boiler in combination a* rectangularwaterbase, a rectangularsteamidome, at least twofreturn pipes, a hol-cw wall at leastatone end of theboiler, said return pipes and hollow wall communicating with said lwater' base and. said steam dome to serve asr'eturn'passages for the wa- .ter and capable by themselves of supporting f vsaid steam dome. Y

13.A In a steam the boiler 'and' and said water base, severable tween 'said headers and said steam dome, and `a series of'substantially'horizontally extendreturnpipes at each end of thegenerator-or boiler, in com-V bination, a waterbase, returnpipes communicating therewith, a steam dome supported by spectively, aseries of Us-shap'ed boiler tubes whereof bothlegs areinopen communication with.eachheaderandextending in substantially aVV horizontalgdirection and the boilsq 'er .tubes being S0 disposed that one leg of a" 70 Slider. Y f1 l"14. lIn a steam generator or boiler, in com-NA bination, a water base, a-steam dome, spaced Vreturn pipes carried by's'aid waterv base and communicating with said Water base and said steam dome and capableiby themselves of sup#r porting Saidy steam dome, a plurality of verti-ISO cal headersdi'sposed between at least certain of said return pipes, fluid connections between'the' headers'and the steam dome and water base, respectively, and boiler tubescar-m ried with the respective headers. $5

` l5. In a steam generator or boiler, in combination, a waterbase, a steamdome, spaced return pipes" carried by said water base and Acommunicating vwith said water'base and?- said steam domeand capable by themselves of 90 supporting'said steam dome, a plurality of independently removable vertical headers vdisposed between at least certain of said ire* turn pipes, iuid Vconnections between the? headers and the steam dome and water base, 95 respectively,andboilertubes carried with the 16., In a steam generator or boiler the combination including a water base, a steamM dome, return pipes connecting said water base 100 h Y and said steam dome capable by themselves of extending in the space between the groups of j n boiler tubesof the adjacent headers on the opposite side, the tubes of one series being oiset, vertically,'with respectto the tubesV supporting said steam dome, a plurality of interchangeable removable vertical headers, severable connections between saidheaders connections be- Y l ing boiler tubes carri'edwith each header, the boiler tubesofone'header extending between the boiler tubes oi the oppositey header, the steam generated in each boiler tube passing directly into theheader. V

' In testimony whereof Ifaiiix` my signature.

A WILLIAM-YA. MILLS. 115

. andcommunicating with the return pipes, ra

plurality of vertical headers disposed along` each side-of the boiler, connections-between j Y kthe headers vand the dome and waterbase, re- 

